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- June 1990
-
- POLICE PRACTICES:
- THE NELSON-DENNY EXPERIMENT
-
-
- The Arizona Law Enforcement Training Academy (ALETA)
- provides statewide law enforcement basic training to officers who
- have no other basic training available to them. Over 100
- agencies train their cadets at ALETA.
-
- THE PROBLEM
-
- A major problem encountered at the academy was the large
- number of academic failures among minority police recruits,
- especially Native Americans. One of the critical areas in which
- the trainees were deficient was reading comprehension, which
- impacted on their ability to read and understand material from
- the required reading list.
-
- THE SOLUTION
-
- To address the problem, at the outset of basic training, the
- Nelson-Denny Reading Test was administered to the recruits in
- order to determine their individual reading comprehension level.
- The test has been standardized and validated with a primary
- purpose of providing a trustworthy ranking of a student's ability
- in reading comprehension, vocabulary development, and reading
- rate--the three most important skills in the reading process.
-
- In addition to being standardized and valid, the
- Nelson-Denny Reading Test has a simple format, is administered
- easily, can be graded quickly by converting answer sheets to a
- computer Scantron grading process, and is equated to a public
- school grade level range of 3.6 to 16.9. Total administration
- time is less than 45 minutes. Forms of the test can be used
- interchangeably as a pretest and post-test to measure the
- recruits' growth in vocabulary and comprehension.
-
- Pretest scores showed that Native Americans, Hispanics, and
- blacks usually scored in the low grade levels (5 to 11), while
- the majority of the nonminorities scored in the higher levels (12
- to 16.9). In an effort to improve minority reading levels, it
- was decided to have recruits with high comprehension levels tutor
- those with lower comprehension levels. After the pretest was
- administered during orientation, the cadet classes, which ranged
- in size from 40 to 50 recruits, were divided into four squads of
- 10 or more recruits. The high Nelson-Denny scorers were assigned
- to tutor (or be a mentor to) the low scorers throughout the 12
- weeks of training. This concept was facilitated by assigning a
- pair as roommates in the dormitories, whenever possible.
-
- THE RESULTS
-
- The results of the Nelson-Denny experiment were immediate
- and dramatic. The academic failure rate among minorities fell
- from around 80 to 85% to below 15%. Overall academic failures of
- all ethnic classes fell from 20% to 10%, excluding terminations
- due to physical training deficiencies or resignations.
-
- After a minimum of 300 recruits had been tested for a
- statistical base, a grade level of 10.9 was determined to be
- critical for success in the basic training. Thus, a police
- recruit with a Nelson-Denny grade level below 10.9 would
- experience academic difficulties at ALETA. The critical grade
- level proved to be extremely accurate with each new recruit
- class.
-
- The Nelson-Denny Reading Test has gained statewide
- acceptance as a pre-employment screening instrument once the 10.9
- grade level was identified as critical for success. On September
- 1, 1989, the Arizona Law Enforcement Officers Advisory Council
- made it a requirement that all certified basic training academies
- in Arizona administer a reading test, with the recommendation
- that the Nelson-Denny Reading Test be used. And while the test
- should never be the sole determinant of success in police basic
- training, it can be a screening device, in conjunction with other
- test results, for pre-employment screening of a police applicant,
- if properly used.
-
- ____________
-
- Information for this column was submitted by Lt. Samuel T.
- Ragland of the Arizona Law Enforcement Training Academy, Tucson,
- Arizona.